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Dimitrie Cantemir (; 1673–1723) was twice Prince of Moldavia (in March–April 1693 and in 1710–1711). He was also a prolific man of letters – philosopher, historian, composer, musicologist, linguist, ethnographer, and geographer. His name is Дми́трий Константи́нович Кантеми́р (''Dmitriy Konstantinovich Kantemir'') in Russian, ''Dimitri Kantemiroğlu'' in Turkish, ''Dymitr Kantemir'' in Polish, Δημήτριος Καντιμήρης (''Dimitrios Kantimiris'') in Greek and ''Demetrius Cantemir'' in Latin. ==Life and family== Dimitrie Cantemir was born in Silișteni (now located in Vaslui County, Romania), the son of Moldavian Voivode Constantin Cantemir (and brother to Antioh Cantemir, himself Prince), of the low-ranking boyar Cantemirești family. His mother, Ana Bantăș, was a learned woman of noble origins. His education began at home, where he learned Greek and Latin and acquired a profound knowledge of the classics. One of his tutors was the scholar John Komnenos Molyvdos. Between 1687 and 1710 he lived in forced exile in Constantinople, where he learned Turkish and studied the history of the Ottoman Empire at the Patriarchate's Greek Academy, where he also composed music. In 1693, he succeeded his father as Prince of Moldavia – in name only, as the Ottomans appointed Constantin Duca, favoured by Wallachian Prince and, despite many shared goals, forever rival of the Cantemirs Constantin Brâncoveanu; his bid for the throne was successful only in 1710, after two rules by his brother (whom he represented as envoy in the Ottoman capital). He had ruled only three weeks〔Stefan Lemny. Les Cantemirs: L'aventure Européene d'une Famille Princière au XVIIIe Siecle. (Editions Complexes, Paris: 2009), p. 51.〕 when he joined Peter the Great in his campaign against the Ottoman Empire (''see Russo-Turkish War, 1710–1711'') and placed Moldova under Russian suzerainty, after a secret agreement signed in Lutsk. Defeated by the Turks in the battle of Stănilești (July 18–July 22, 1711), Cantemir sought refuge in Russia, where he and his family finally settled (he was accompanied by a sizeable boyar retinue, including the chronicler Ion Neculce). There, he was awarded the title of Knyaz (Prince) of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great and received the title of Reichsfürst (Prince) of the Holy Roman Empire from Charles VI. He died at his Dmitrovka estate near Oryol in 1723 (on the very day he was awarded the Roman-German princely title). In 1935, his remains were carried to Iași. He was married twice: in 1699, to Kassandra Cantacuzene (1682–1713), member of the Cantacuzino family (the daughter of Prince Șerban Cantacuzino), and in 1717 to Anastasia Trubetskaya (1700–1755; from the Trubetskoy house). Cantemir's children were rather prominent in Russian history. His elder daughter Maria Cantemir (1700–1754) attracted the attention of Peter the Great who allegedly planned to divorce his wife Catherine and marry her. Upon Catherine's ascension to the throne, she was forced to enter a convent. His son Antioh Cantemir (''Antiokh Dmitrievich'' in Russian) (1708–1744) was also the Russian ambassador to London and Paris, a prominent satirical poet, and Voltaire's friend. Another son, Constantin (''Konstantin Dmitrievich''; 1703–1747), was implicated in the Golitsyn conspiracy against Empress Anne and exiled to Siberia. Finally, Dimitrie's younger daughter Smaragda (1720–1761), the wife of Prince Dmitriy Mikhailovich Golitsyn, was a friend of Empress Elizabeth and one of the great beauties of her time. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dimitrie Cantemir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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